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Henry Clifton Sorby (10 May 1826 - 9 March 1908), was an English microscopist and geologist. His major contribution was the development of techniques for studying iron and steel with microscopes. This paved the way for the mass-production of steel. ==Biography== Sorby was born at Woodbourne near Sheffield in Yorkshire and attended Sheffield Collegiate School. He early developed an interest in natural science, and one of his first papers related to the excavation of valleys in Yorkshire. In 1847 when he was 21 his father died leaving him a comfortable private income. He immediately established a scientific laboratory and workshop at his home. He subsequently dealt with the physical geography of former geological periods, with the wave-structure in certain stratified rocks, and the origin of slaty cleavage. He took up the study of rocks and minerals under the microscope, and published an important memoir "On the Microscopical Structure of Crystals" in 1858 (''Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc.''). In England he was one of the pioneers in petrography; he was awarded the Wollaston medal by the Geological Society of London in 1869, and became its President. In his presidential addresses Sorby gave the results of original researches on the structure and origin of limestones, and of the non-calcareous stratified rocks (1879–1880). In 1863 he used etching with acid to study the microscopical structure of iron and steel. Using this technique, he was the first in England to understand that a small but precise quantity of carbon gave steel its strength.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.sorby.org.uk/hcsorby.shtml )〕 This paved the way for Henry Bessemer and Robert Forester Mushet to develop the method for mass-producing steel. Due to this accomplishment, Sorby is known to modern metallurgists as the "father of metallography" with an award bearing his name being offered by the International Metallographic Society for lifetime achievement. His interests were wide. He published essays on the construction and use of the micro-spectroscope in the study of animal and vegetable colouring matter and on the temperature of the water in estuaries. He also applied his skill in making preparations of invertebrate animals for lantern-slides. He was president of the Royal Microscopical Society. In 1882, he was elected president of Firth College, Sheffield after the death of founder Mark Firth. Sorby also worked hard for the establishment of the University of Sheffield which was eventually founded in 1905. A university hall of residence, Sorby Hall, which was built in the 1960s and demolished in August 2006 was named after him. He died in Sheffield and was buried in Ecclesall churchyard. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Henry Clifton Sorby」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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